Despite the central role of academia in the production of knowledge and the reproduction of social hierarchies, the study of racism within academia has long been overlooked in French-speaking social sciences. Each article in this special issue contributes to filling this gap by examining a wide variety of actors in higher education and research through historical, quantitative, qualitative, and reflexive approaches. Together, they show that, in order to respond to the scientific and political issues it raises, racism in higher education and research must become a legitimate subject of study.